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Ninth, data on phobia, one of the most comorbid disorders in patients with headache [11], were not obtained here.
This finding is in contrast to most studies in the field indicating a higher prevalence of most comorbid disorders in SUD patients[ 1, 35, 36].
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Most represented comorbid disorders were: anxiety (32.3%), sleep disorders (32.2%), depression (25.4%), hypertension (20.5%), irritable bowel (8.4%), and fibromyalgia (6.6%).
Even in rarer clinical disorders (e.g. Burning Mouth Syndrome), we found that anxiety and depression are the most represented comorbid disorders [4].
The most frequent comorbid disorders were non-OCD anxiety disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).
The most common comorbid disorders were oppositional defiant disorder (N=92), autism spectrum disorder (N=41), anxiety disorders (N=28) and tics (N=25).
Personality disorders (PDs) are among the most prevalent comorbid disorders in treatment-seeking patients with substance use disorders (SUDs).
The most frequent comorbid disorders were non-OCD anxiety disorders (n=17; 68.0%), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n=15; 60.0%), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (n=12; 48.0%), and tic disorders (n=6; 24.0%).
Non-OCD anxiety disorders (68%), externalizing disorders, such as ADHD (60%) and ODD (48%), and tic disorders (24%) were among the most frequent comorbid disorders.
Depression is among the most common comorbid disorders among older adults with anxiety and related disorders [ 1323 - 1325] and is associated with poorer outcomes of both disorders [ 1326].
The study employs state-of-the-art genetic technologies to identify major genetic variants contributing to TS and the most commonly comorbid disorders, including OCD and ADHD.
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