The median number of co-morbid diagnoses was three (range 0-7) withethe most common co-morbid conditions being hypertension (72.7%), diabetes (36.4%) and dyslipidemia (51.8%).
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common co-morbid condition encountered in people with tics and Tourette Syndrome (TS).
The most common co-morbid stereotypic behavior was lip biting (Table 4).
Intellectual disability was the most common co-morbid condition ranging from 24 to 95% of children.
We found that cancer was the most common co-morbid condition, in contrast to older series that showed alcoholism, cirrhosis and diabetes as the most frequent underlying conditions [ 11, 12, 14- 16, 18- 20, 30, 31].
The most common co-morbid psychiatric disorders in these children were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (74.6%), oppositional defiant disorder (36%), separation anxiety disorder (20.6%), enuresis (15.6%), tic disorder (12.7%) and obsessive compulsive disorder (11.1%).
The most common co-morbid psychiatric disorders in the children were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 74.6%, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) 36%, separation anxiety disorder (SAD) 20.6%, enuresis 15.6%, tic disorder 12.7%, and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) 11.1%.
A history of smoking was found for 74 (23.6%) patients, and diabetes (n = 102, 32.6%) and hypertension (n = 125, 39.9%) were the most common co-morbid illnesses (cancer, n = 63; cerebrovascular accidents, n = 53; chronic heart disease, n = 35; chronic kidney disease, n = 36; liver cirrhosis, n = 14; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/bronchial asthma, n = 25).
Thirdly, we demonstrated that while HIV/ART was the most common co-morbidity among TB patients, 37% and 12% of multi-morbid TB patients were also on treatment for HPT and DM respectively.
Indeed, in our study depression and anxiety were the most common psychiatric co-morbid conditions in persons with CFS [ 20].
