The most common approximations for this kind of diffusion include the short gradient pulse (SGP) and Gaussian phase distribution (GPD) [ 9, 13, 39].
Finally, the best state at time t, x ̃ t, is derived based on the discrete approximation of Equation 3. The most common solution is the Monte Carlo approximation of the expectation as x ̃ t = E [ x t | z 1 : t ] ≈ ∑ j = 1 N P w t j x t j. (6).
Firstly, it is shown that the most common sixteen pairs of covering approximation operators can be grouped into five pairs of dual covering approximation operators and six pairs of non-dual covering approximation operators according to definitions based on element, granule, and subsystem.
The most common solution is the Monte Carlo approximation of the expectation (4).
In standard lateral X-rays of the spine the most common finding is the close approximation and contact of adjacent spinous processes with sclerosis of the articulating surfaces [17, 18].
In this work, Hirose considers empirical studies of biological snakes to derive a mathematical approximation of the most common gait pattern among biological snakes, known as lateral undulation.
Since assuming exponential sojourn times in infected states is a common approximation used in most of mathematical models, we were interested in evaluating the potential bias that such an assumption would introduce at a global scale of an epidemic.
The performance of this method is investigated for different shading patterns which are the approximations for the most common partial shading scenarios in PV fields and the results show that it can provide multiple solutions for reconfiguration of photovoltaic array to improve energy yield under partial shading conditions.
Probably the most common model for site-to-site rate variation is the discrete approximation to gamma distributed rates [ 25], but all these models are collectively referred to as RAS models for rates across sites.
The perhaps most common way of establishing such environmental contours is based on the IFORM approximation (Inverse First Order Reliability Method), but recently an approach based on direct Monte Carlo simulations with importance sampling has been proposed as an alternative.
