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Viral protein synthesis clearly differs from that used by most cellular mRNAs, rendering the IRES an attractive target for novel antiviral compounds.
Unlike VSV and most cellular mRNAs, the picornavirus translation initiation occurs at an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) [26].
Early findings indicated that HIV-1 mRNAs are translated by a cap-dependent mechanism as occurs with most cellular mRNAs [63].
While both factors target similar pools of mRNAs for turnover, muSOX is a more potent shutoff factor in 293T cells, as most cellular mRNAs are less abundant in muSOX- than SOX-expressing cells (Fig. 4C).
Here we show that in agreement with previous studies in cells during lytic KSHV infection [4], [10], [11], there is a dramatic reduction in the levels of most cellular mRNAs in cells expressing SOX and muSOX, with a small percentage of genes induced.
Moreover, mRNA abundances from SW480 cells and microvesicles were also highly correlated (correlation coefficient = 0.9778), indicating that similar amounts of most cellular mRNAs also exist in microvesicles.
Similar(50)
It is well established that hypoxia inhibits protein synthesis due to a marked reduction of translation from most cellular mRNA (Kim & Jang, 2002; Schepens et al, 2005).
A graphical view and clusterization analysis revealed that intact EVs elicit a response in host cells that is more marked at 6 hrs after treatment, is maintained after 24 hrs, but decays towards 72 hrs, where most cellular modified mRNAs returned to basal levels.
Most eukaryotic cellular mRNAs contain a 5′ cap structure and a poly(A) tail.
At the relatively earlier time of viral infection (3.5 hpi in this study) when the viral RNA amount is not high enough, EV71 RNA is translated at a higher efficiency than most of the cellular mRNAs.
So far, most of the cellular mRNAs that contain IRESes and code for proteins involved in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation, require stringent regulation like for example the c-myc mRNAs [ 13, 15, 29, 30].
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