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Large LD blocks are common in most breeding populations, which can be reduced by backcrossing with the cultivated parent.
We consider effective population sizes between 100 and 1600 to be realistic for most breeding populations, where the high level of inbreeding reduces the effective size.
In traditional MAS, a marker that is confirmed to have tight linkage with a target QTL or gene can be used as a selection marker in most breeding populations of that species.
For example, with extended pedigrees where many of the individuals have a close relatedness (such as most breeding populations), a pairwise relatedness matrix called the kinship matrix (K) can be used to remove the false positive LDs due to the structure, selection, and admixture (Myles et al. 2009).
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Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), also called duck hawk, the most widely distributed species of birds of prey, with breeding populations on every continent and many oceanic islands.
The island has been identified by BirdLife International as an Endemic Bird Area, and the Permanent Park Preserve as an Important Bird Area, because it supports the entire population of Lord Howe woodhens, most of the breeding population of providence petrels, over 1% of the world population of another five seabird species, and the whole populations of three endemic subspecies.
Extirpation of those breeding populations is probably inevitable".
GBS could be used in breeding populations to accelerate molecular breeding in alfalfa.
Thus, maintaining genetic diversity is crucial in cattle breeding populations.
In the case of Irish Wolfhounds, four distinct bottleneck phenomena resulted in particularly high inbreeding coefficients due to the small size of the effective breeding population during most of the breed's history before 1960, their geographically limited distribution and the influence of both World Wars, during which widespread food rationing made the keeping of large dogs difficult.
It recommended that, rather than trying to save all the remaining tigers, governments should concentrate on sites that provided the most realistic chance of supporting a breeding population.
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