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Today, Vulcanodon is universally accepted to be one of the most basal (primitive) members of Sauropoda.
Heterodontosauridae ("different-toothed lizards") was a family of early ornithischian dinosaurs that were likely among the most basal (primitive) members of the group.
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A challenge to all of these alternative scenarios came when Turner and colleagues in 2007 described a new dromaeosaurid, Mahakala, which they found to be the most basal and most primitive member of the Dromaeosauridae, more primitive than Microraptor.
The Collembola are members of the most basal branch of the primitive hexapods (Entognatha) [ 26].
Those dinosauromorphs that are not considered to be true dinosaurs are the most basal members of the group, and they have generally primitive features compared with the dinosaurs.
According to these studies, the most basal lineages of the Chrysomelidae appear associated with the primitive cycads (Aulacoscelidinae) and conifers (Palophaginae, Orsodacninae), followed by a large diversification of lineages on dicotyledoneous angiosperms (Chrysomelinae, Galerucinae, Cryptocephalinae) and monocots (some bruchids, Criocerinae, Donaciinae, Cassidinae and Hispinae).
Within the most basal of animals, we now have evidence suggesting a primitive endocrine/paracrine system that includes an ortholog (CKH) of the peptide hormones found in bilaterians.
Consequently, we regard this primordial ancestral entity as the most basal node of the tree of life and name it for simplicity the 'urancestor' (root 'ur' = primitive), a primitive organism that evolved in a time when improving the molecular make up was the main focus of the evolutionary progression.
Siberian sturgeon (Chondrost) resolves as the most basal lineage in agreement with other studies [21], [18], confirming this fish is the most primitive member of the subclass Actinopterygii.
Unlike most basal angiosperms, A. trichopoda apparently lacks ethereal oils.
Patranomodon is the most basal anomodont.
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