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Many of the most ancestral haplotypes had lost selection advantage, and more historical or potential ancestral haplotypes had been lost during evolutionary process (Figure 1A, Figure 2).
Some haplotypes located at the central positions by star-like phylogenies at least 5 clades were the most ancestral haplotypes, such as H_1, H_6, H_10, H_21, and H_27 (Figure 1A, blue circles).
The most ancestral haplotypes derived many recent haplotypes, but many of them had lost dominant positions except for H_1, which still was the most dominant haplotype and shared by many animal species (Figure 2).
Recent miRNA haplotypes derived directly or indirectly from original haplotypes that maybe the most ancestral haplotypes or the lost haplotypes because of random genetic drift and evolutionary fluctuation at DNA level, which would adapt to the specialized miRNA biogenesis machinery [34] and co-evolve with the complex regulatory networks toward a strong evolutionary pressure.
However, in this case, rather than by another refugial population, the expansion of the most ancestral haplotypes seems to have been blocked by the founder population that had colonized the uninhabited regions.
Additionally all phylogroups share haplotype B1 (the most common and one of the most ancestral haplotypes) and all phylogroups apart from L3 and L5 also share haplotype B15 (the most ancestral haplotype).
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The most ancestral haplotype, S15, showed a distribution almost exclusively restricted to the Balkans.
The h58 haplotype variant was connected to the root, implying that the h58 haplotype variant was the most ancestral haplotype in the network.
These results show the restriction of the most ancestral haplotype to the Balkans, followed by expansion and differentiation of different nested clades along the Black Sea and the Mediterranean coasts.
The two most frequent ancestral haplotypes are A30Cw5B18DR3DQ2 (14.6%), which has the strongest LD observed in the world [39], and A2Cw7B58DR2DQ1 (6.0%).
None of these HLA haplotypes are complete or pure; most represent ancestral haplotypes on which new variants have arisen.
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most prevalent haplotypes
most plausible haplotypes
most recent haplotypes
most ancestral eukaryotes
most abundant haplotypes
most common haplotypes
most ancestral species
most frequent haplotypes
most ancestral traits
most informative haplotypes
most divergent haplotypes
most ancestral populations
most dominant haplotypes
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com