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The APPS predicted all-cause hospital mortality with moderate accuracy, with an AUC-ROC of 0.62 [95%% confidence interval (CI) 0.56 0.67].
The APPS predicted all-cause hospital mortality with moderate accuracy with an AUC-ROC of 0.62 (95%% confidence interval 0.56 0.67, see Fig. 1; Table 2), which was not significantly different from the predictive value of the APACHE IV score (AUC-ROC 0.66, 95%% CI 0.61 0.71; P = 0.22).
In patients with persistent ARDS after 7 to 28 days, a randomized trial showed no reduction in mortality with moderate doses of corticosteroids but an increased PaO2 to FiO2 ratio and thoracopulmonary compliance were found, as well as shorter durations of mechanical ventilation and of ICU stay.
As an alternative model to compare the effects of large changes in temperature on mortality with moderate changes, temperature change was categorised into 3 groups: a drop of more than 3°C; a rise of more than 3°C; a change in either direction of less than 3°C.
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Severe anaemia is associated with an increased risk of death [26] but there is less evidence of increased mortality associated with moderate anaemia [26], [27].
Several large cohort studies of women with breast cancer have shown an average reduction of 45% mortality associated with moderate exercise compared to a sedentary lifestyle.
A DNA concentration over 16,000 GE/ml (105.6 ng/ml) was an independent predictor of 90-day mortality with a moderate discriminative power (positive likelihood ratio 1.72; adjusted odds ratio 2.16).
The effect of alcohol consumption on mortality is shown in table 2. The multivariable analysis demonstrated a reduced mortality for patients with moderate alcohol consumption (2 3 units/day): HR 0.23 (95% CI (0.08 to 0.69) p=0.0076) compared to patients who only had alcohol occasionally (1 or <1 unit/day).
A meta-analysis showed that a high PEEP level could reduce the mortality of patients with moderate or severe ARDS (P/F ≤ 200 mmHg) but had no effect on the mortality of patients with mild ARDS [ 31].
High plasmaYKL-40 is associated with increased mortality in patients with moderate to very severe COPD, suggesting a role for YKL-40 as a potential biomarker of mortality in this patient group.
Although the risks of all the investigated mortality outcomes associated with moderate and severe dyspnea were lower when corrected for lung function, dyspnea remained a significant independent predictor of mortality.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com