Moreover, a low ABI (< 0.90) is a predictor of AMI, stroke, and vascular mortality independently of established vascular risk factors (13 15).
In patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) seen in general practice, we found an increased 5-year mortality independent of established risk factors among those who rated their health less than excellent [ 8].
In contrast, if the centre variation is high and the OR of the intervention indicates a decrease in mortality, the standardisation of established treatments among hospitals through the implementation of guidelines is more important than a newly introduced clinical trial.
In this prospective study of asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria, without known CAD, risk stratification with NT-proBNP and CAC, alone and in combination, predicted CVD and all-cause mortality on top of established risk factors.
To examine the effect on morbidity and mortality of an established intraoperative insulin protocol in cardiac surgical patients.
Mortality of trees established before European settlement circa 1880 varied by treatment: 25% of presettlement trees alive in 2002 died by 2013 in the full treatment, 31% died in the burn-only treatment, and 15% died in the control.
Diabetic patients have residual risk or CVD mortality even after treatment of established CVD risk factors like blood pressure and lipid levels [ 56].
In the general population self-rated general health (SRH) predicts both future morbidity such as ischaemic heart disease [ 4] and mortality [ 5] independently of established risk indicators, but evidence of this is scarce for people with diabetes [ 3, 6, 7].
We postulated that exposure to crime and the density of alcohol outlets in one's neighborhood will be positively associated with the incidence of hospitalization for and mortality from traumatic injuries, independent of established SES measures such as income, employment status, and education.
