But mosquito senescence (i.e. the increase of the mortality hazard with age) further complicates this interaction [34].
Specifically, this work aims to answer (1) how predicted mosquito control effectiveness is affected by replacing the classical assumption of a constant mortality hazard with an age dependent mortality hazard and (2) whether these results depend on the EIP.
For all-cause mortality, among both women and men risk of mortality decreased with increasing income until near the median income level; and above this level, we observed no decreasing mortality hazard with income.
Adjusting for comorbidity had a more marked effect on model fit for all-cause mortality hazard with inclusion of any of the three measures of comorbidity resulting in highly significant improvement in model fit compared with the baseline model.
In summary, the results of our study indicate that mortality hazard increases with the severity of depressive symptoms and that treatment with antidepressants fails to reduce the mortality rate of older men with persistent symptoms of depression.
Mossey & Shapiro [ 12], in a pioneering study of the association between SRH and mortality, showed that the mortality hazard associated with worse SRH was stronger than the mortality hazard associated with objective measures of health.
Compared to patients without any diabetic complications, subjects with only one complication were not statistically significantly different in terms of the 7-year mortality (hazard ratio with 95% CI: 1.30, 0.96 1.76), after adjusting for age, sex, living arrangements, smoking, drinking, past medical history of stroke, heart attack, hypertension, cancer, and hip fracture.
After completing the preliminary univariate analysis, Cox proportional-hazards regression models were applied to estimate the adjusted mortality hazard associated with prevalent depression.
The mortality hazard associated with the interaction between depression and antidepressant use was 1.32 (95%CI = 0.76 2.30; z = 0.98, p = 0.328).
As the interaction between depression and antidepressant use did not contribute to explain mortality, the term was not included in the final explanatory model, which showed that the independent (fully adjusted) mortality hazard associated with depression and antidepressant use was 1.93 (95%CI = 1.57 2.38; z = 6.18, p<0.001) and 1.31 (95%CI = 1.02 1.68; z = 2.14, p = 0.032), respectively.
They found that moderate and severe depression were associated with 29% (95%CI = 3%–61 % and 34% (95%CI = 7%–68%) increase in mortality hazard compared with non-depressed older people, but were unable to demonstrate a clear dose effect of depression partly because of the large number of participants lost during follow up (about 4,000 people).
