18 20 While the level of mortality observed when influenza is circulating in the community (often quantified using excess mortality) varies from winter to winter, baseline respiratory mortality (ie, excluding excess) has a seasonal pattern which is more or less constant from winter to winter, though it may change over the long term.
These results may appear paradoxical, in that survival and the proportion of children cured have both increased and excess mortality has fallen, but excess mortality now lasts on average 7 years longer than it used to.
Neurosurgical patients admitted due to alcohol excess had higher ITU mortality than nonalcohol-related neurosurgical patients: 32.1% versus 14.39% (P = 0.02), respectively.
In the particular context of ESRD, excess mortality has only been used to compare differences in mortality on dialysis across European countries by using specific expected mortality rates by countries.
Excess mortality has been widely used in cancer research to estimate mortality in population-based studies.
Most of the literature regarding diabetes and excess mortality has been derived from Western populations (19, 20), and there are few prospective studies on mortality and cause of death from diabetes in Japan.
In particular, large excess mortality has been associated with heat waves and cold spells (5– 8), and recent studies have shown that mortality increases with the duration of such events over and above what would be predicted from a continuous temperature mortality relationship (9– 13).
The present study indicates that excess mortality has remained high among individuals with diabetes.
But the impact of specific risk factors on excess mortality has not been adequately studied.
Excess mortality has been documented among patients with schizophrenia, [ 1] and indeed schizophrenia has been estimated in community-based studies to be associated with up to 25 years' shorter lifespan.
