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Thus over 70% of the large mortality decrease was attributable to population risk factor reductions.
Approximately 25% (lower and upper bound estimates: 8%–40%) of the mortality decrease was attributable to treatments in individuals: secondary prevention 8%; heart failure treatments 6%; acute coronary syndrome treatments 5%; revascularisation 3%; hypertension treatments 2%, and statins 0.5%.
Based on the IMPACT model approximately 73% (lower and upper bound estimates: 54%–93%) of the mortality decrease was attributable to risk factor reductions: cholesterol 32%; smoking 22%; systolic blood pressure 22%, and physical inactivity 5% with adverse trends for diabetes (−5%), and obesity (−4%).
Studies done so far have not been able to assess with precision how much of the mortality decrease was due to screening or to adjuvant therapy.
In addition, the analysis of breast cancer mortality in Tyrol in the past decade shows that mortality decrease was greatest in women aged 40-49, an effect that can at least partly be attributed to spontaneous screening [ 13].
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Approximately one-third of the CHD mortality decreases were attributable to treatments, particularly for secondary prevention and heart failure.
In the USA in 1989-2011, mortality fell by 39.8% for men and 38.8% for women (tables 1 and 2); mortality decreases were greatest for those aged 65 years or older.
A primary statistical inference illustrated in Figure 6 of our article (Pope et al. 2007) is that similar and consistent (not significantly different) mortality decreases were observed across all four Southwest states.
ICU mortality decreased but this decrease was not significant (absolute difference −3.63 %; 95 % CI = −9.33 to 2.09, p=0.20).
Approximately one quarter of the mortality decrease (25%) was attributable to treatments in individuals.
Almost three quarters of the mortality decrease (73%) was thus attributable to population risk factor reductions (principally cholesterol, 32%; smoking, 22% and systolic blood pressure, 22%, with 5% from increase in physical activity).
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