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This, together with evidence that the technology confers morbidity and mortality advantages compared to medical therapy [3,4] and at least equivalent outcomes to surgical valve replacement [5,6] in select cohorts, has seen clinical approval in more than 50 countries.
Patients without weight data had better outcomes, and for this reason, we imputed "normal" BMIs for these patients because this assumption was most likely to reverse the mortality advantages of overweight and obese patients.
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Not surprisingly the meta-analysis shows no mortality advantage but in many individual studies a morbidity advantage [16].
In fact, research documents a mortality advantage for black men who are incarcerated (Rosen, Wohl, & Schoenbach, 2011; Wildeman, Carson, Golinelli, Noonan, & Emanuel, 2016).
One problem: The benefit didn't translate to a mortality advantage, partly because a decrease in cardiac deaths was outweighed by a surprising increase in other deaths.
As data were emerging years later, it was clear that for women age 50 59 there was a strong and early appearing 15 to 20% mortality advantage to screening mammography.
However, in these trials the mortality advantage for EVAR is being lost within 2 years of repair and the patients evaluated are relatively older with no study specifically comparing EVAR and open repair for patients younger than 60 years of age.
The mortality advantage of first-generation Italians decreased with age.
Although two trials showed a mortality advantage, the balANZ study did not [ 78].
Only one study demonstrated a mortality advantage to prolonged infusion β-lactams [ 4].
This finding is consistent with previous research that has demonstrated the female mortality advantage [ 9, 23].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com