Stage 1. Type-1 cells are a group of radial-glia-like neural stem cells with distinct morphology [ 55], which express astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and nestin [ 56].
The typically cuboidal morphology of basal keratinocytes, which express K14, is obscure in knockout mice.
Human liver-derived stem cells can be isolated and expanded from donated livers unsuitable for transplantation and present a comparable morphology to that of HSCs, which express a-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, fibronectin, CD73, and CD90 in accordance with their mesenchymal origin (Berardis et al., 2014).
The stem cell population has spindle-shaped cell morphology and expresses mesenchymal markers (vimentin) and forms mammospheres, in contrast to the non-stem cell population (cobble-stone like cells, which express epithelial markers, and exhibit minimal mammosphere formation; Figure 2a).
Cells with morphologies and marker profiles consistent with radial glia and recently described outer radial glia divide asymmetrically and symmetrically to generate multipolar intermediate progenitors, a portion of which express ASCL1.
This includes cells with a progenitor morphology, which also express the TH-degrading enzyme, Dio3 [41].
We also confirmed key experimental results (changes in cellular morphology and synaptophysin expression) using N27 cells, an immortalised rat mesencephalic neuronal cell line which expresses TH.
Numerous transplanted cells were found in the trigeminal and ciliary ganglia (Figure 12B and F), some of which expressed neuronal markers (Figure 12F) while others displayed glial morphology.
Within the first 6 days, the diameter of the growing spheres increased significantly, the cells showing mainly a glial or star-shaped morphology, while some showing neuronal-like morphology, which was clearly reflected by most cells expressing GFAP, and some expressing Nestin-1.
The cells expressing Y646F mutant also revealed abnormal nuclear morphology which was partially rescued with the farnesyl transferase inhibitors.
