Based on the uniform morphology of insect epidermal glands only, we would speculate the presence of cpmrp homologs in class 3 gland cells of insects (e.g., dermal glands of Tenebrio molitor, sternal glands of Periplaneta americana, pheromone gland of Harpobittacus australis (Noirot and Quennedy, 1974)).
No fossils have yet been found from the Late Devonian (about 385 million to 359 million years ago) or Early Carboniferous (about 359 million to 318 million years ago) periods, when the key characters of present-day insects are believed to have evolved; thus, early evolution must be inferred from the morphology of extant insects.
Hongfu Chu initiated studies on the morphology of immature insects.
The transmission of the infection is related to a number of subparameters, including the size (and morphology) of the biting insect (volume of blood potentially transferred from one host to another) and the insect density.
To examine how the combination of cell differentiation and cell movement evolved to create the ball-and-socket tarsal joint, we compared the tarsal joint morphologies of various insect species.
For example, certain genetic or pharmacological perturbations can result in planarian worms with either two or no heads (Reddien and Sánchez Alvarado, 2004; Oviedo et al., 2010; Beane et al., 2011), while cutting and grafting experiments provide many examples of changes of limb morphology in insects and amphibians (Endo et al., 2000; Yakushiji et al., 2009).
Professor Hongfu Chu (Hongfu Zhu) is a renowned Chinese biologist, entomologist and taxonomist who specializes in research fields such as insect immature, insect morphology, insect taxonomy and plant protection.
The external morphology of Lepidoptera is the physiological structure of the bodies of insects belonging to the order Lepidoptera, also known as butterflies and moths.
The cell body is not required as an intermediate between input and output because of the peculiar 'monopolar' morphology of fish tectal cells, which are reminiscent of insect neurons.
