We then transfected synthetic messenger RNAs encoding human orthologues of these transcription factors into human embryonic stem cells and examined whether the human embryonic stem cells differentiate into lacrimal gland epithelium-like cells by assessing cell morphology and marker gene expression.
The pluripotency scores, based on the DNA methylation profile of the 36-gene set, were revealed to differ among iPSC lines that were indistinguishable by morphology or marker gene expression.
In conclusion, information regarding DNA methylation derived from mouse EShypo-T-DMRs is a feasible index for evaluation of porcine iPSCs as a pre-screening tool, distinct from morphology and marker gene expression analysis.
In this context, a simple index, other than morphology and marker gene expression, correlating with ICM contribution efficiency is required to allow pre-screening to determine which iPSC lines are appropriate for use in labor- and cost-intensive transplantation experiments.
Considering that the naïve-like iPSC lines do not differ greatly in terms of morphology and marker gene expression (Fujishiro et al., 2013), it is more appropriate to select candidate iPSC lines using different indices.
Severe malformation of the somites and eyes were seen in Atoh8 knockdown embryos, indicated by both abnormal morphology and reduced marker gene expression.
Phenotypically, the iPSC are similar to ESC in many aspects, including morphology, surface markers, gene expression, in-vitro differentiation and teratoma formation when they are injected in immunocompromised mice.
Enhanced barrier tightness, AJ formation, spindle-like cell morphology, and abundant endothelial marker gene expression, are all signs of endothelial differentiation.
To examine whether the subpopulation of putative early germ cells identified based on morphology also expressed marker genes known to be associated with PGCs, RT-PCR was performed.
