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Surface morphologies and cross-sectional images were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JOEL FESEM 7001).
Figure 1 shows the surface morphologies and cross-sectional images of the CIGS thin films deposited at different temperatures.
Based on the surface morphologies and cross-sectional microstructures that consist of independent eutectic colonies, copious nucleation is proposed to take place in Ni Sn eutectic melt regardless of melt undercooling in the unconstrained solidification.
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d Morphology and cross-sectional SEM image of PEDOT PSS-coating SiNWs with alkali treatment.
c Morphology and cross-sectional SEM image of PEDOT PSS-coating SiNWs, the void with the red mark.
The surface morphology and cross-sectional views of prepared AAO template are presented in Fig. 1a, b, respectively.
Figure2a shows the surface morphology and cross-sectional image of the oxide nanofilms grown on the Ti6Al4V substrate.
The granule surface morphology and cross-sectional area morphology were examined by optical microscopy (Motic SMZ-168 microscope with universal stand).
The oxidation behavior of the coating was characterized through surface morphology and cross-sectional microstructure by scanning electron microscopy.
The phase structure, surface morphology, and cross-sectional features of the surface oxide layers formed on different substrates were characterized.
The current time curves are recorded during deposition and the surface morphology and cross-sectional images are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
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