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Morphological transitions between yeast and (pseudo)hyphal growth forms have been predicted to promote the dissemination and penetration of C. albicans cells (Gow et al., 2002, 2003; Sundstrom, 2006), and the expression of some adhesins and secreted proteinases is coordinated with yeast-hypha morphogenesis (Hube et al., 1994; Staab et al., 1996; Argimón et al., 2007).
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The ability of C andida albicans to cause disease is associated with its capacity to undergo morphological transition between yeast and filamentous forms, but the role of morphology in colonization and dissemination from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract remains poorly defined.
An important example is the morphological transition between yeasts and hyphae by Candida albicans, which is generally considered essential for full virulence of this fungus (Jacobsen et al., 2012) and which is induced by growth at 37°C.
Signaling mediated by Cfl1 requires the network controlled by the transcription factor Znf2. Znf2 is the irreplaceable decision maker of morphological transition between the yeast form and the filamentous form in Cryptococcus.
It is therefore evident that this master regulator of morphological transitions has a conserved function between several of the most pathogenic Candida species.
The reciprocal and adaptive interactions between cells and substrates governing morphological transitions in the osteoblast compartment remain largely obscure.
Although the size of the PSU varies between the different hair types, they all follow essentially the same morphological transitions (reviewed by Schmidt-Ullrich and Paus, 2005).
Further, 1H NMR results demonstrated morphological transitions (sphere-to-rod) and newer phase formation.
Other morphological transitions include the phenomenon of heritable phenotypic switching.
The correlation between ruffle closure and the spikes of PIP3 and Rac1 indicated that signal amplification in large subdomains of plasma membrane is conditional on morphological transitions; i.e., the formation of the circular ruffle (Yoshida et al., 2009).
In T. rubrum, conidial germination is accompanied by two morphological transitions, swelling and germ tube emergence.
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