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Relative to morphological traits, we know little about how genetics influence the evolution of complex behavioural differences in nature1.
At the present time, based on its specific morphological traits, we propose a new section Laosianum under the subgenus Paphiopedilum to accommodate P. rungsuriyanum, and describe it below.
To evaluate physiological and morphological traits, we also grew plants outdoors in 8-L pots (one seedling per pot) filled with sandy loam in summer 2013.
Similarly, shortly before fledging (on day 16) methionine supplemented and control nestlings did not differ in any of morphological traits we measured (Table 3).
Moreover, the temporal variations in both health-linked physiological measures and morphological traits we uncover here merit further examination in other species, especially when goals include the estimation of signal information content or the costs of trait expression.
Because potential selection pressures may act differentially on different morphological traits, we also analyzed morphological variables individually.
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Because sampling three females and males from each vial is not enough to evaluate CV of morphological traits accurately, we sampled five to seven extra individuals from each vial for measurement of the morphological traits on the right side of the body.
Therefore, it is worth asking whether the set of morphological traits that we measured might be used in mate choice or male-male competition for matings.
Because there are only a small number of published studies available on morphological trait matching, we see a need for more studies which determine where and when armament imbalances occur as well as whether the directionality of armament imbalances is as consistent as suggested here.
In order to assess covariation between morphological traits and sperm quality, we looked for correlations between sperm viability and morphology traits (mass, arm length, thumb length).
For live-captured birds, we measured morphological traits typically important to fitness [31]: tarsus length, wing length, tail length, and upper mandible length.
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