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There is no single morphological synapomorphy of the Astrophorida.
The inclusion of G.p megastrella in the Depressiogeodiap also confirmed a suggested morphological synapomorphy of the group: a deep preoscule lacking sterrasters in its cortex [35].
The gain of bullate scales is considered here as the morphological synapomorphy of the expanded D. subgen.
However, the essential, traditionally accepted morphological synapomorphy of Pulmonata is the presence of a special neurosecretory system comprising procerebrum and cerebral gland [ 26, 66- 68].
The most important morphological synapomorphy of Nothoperanema is the presence of short and thick setae on each side of the costae and at the forking position of the midribs [ 10].
Presence of a contact between the navicular and calcaneus, which occurs in proboscideans, Arsinoitherium, and aardvarks as well as some macroscelideans, tenrecs, golden moles, and fossil hyracoids, is here identified for the first time as another possible morphological synapomorphy of crown Afrotheria.
Similar(53)
This is because we cannot think of any morphological synapomorphies of the two groups that can be used as diagnostic features, except perhaps the fact that species allied with Pseudostomella lack cephalic tentacles, whereas cephalic tentacles, rod- and/or knob-like are present in the species that cluster with Ptychostomella.
The potential morphological synapomorphies of this clade include the presence of non-glandular hairs and round and inferior indusia.
Clades of these two species together form ser. Reniformia [ 5], which has morphological synapomorphies of simple and kidney-shaped blades and clustered short-creeping rhizomes.
Character state changes identified as unambiguous morphological synapomorphies of Afrotheria when relationships among Afrosoricida, Macroscelidea, Paenungulata, and Tubulidentata are depicted as unresolved.
The morphological synapomorphies of clade B also include two upper corolla lobes highly reflexed backward with two purple spots on the lower side of the corolla-tube below the filaments (Fig. 1).
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