We tested for differences in the optical ratio, the ratio of the square of optical aperture and the product of retinal diameter and posterior nodal distance (OPT, [ 27, 28, 38], please also see Methods) with several sets of morphological proxies.
Finally, a closer consideration of morphology shows a perhaps ordered evolution of troglomorphic characters, not captured by the simple morphological proxy.
We used morphological traits, especially characters of oral disk and body shape [ 57] as proxies for resource use, including food and habitat choice of the tadpoles (Table 1) because no direct information on their diet and behaviour exists.
These measures serve as proxies for residential access to UGS.
Finally, proxies for uncertainty do not show any clear effect.
Polls are not perfect proxies for expectations, after all.
Both are, in other words, proxies for the author himself.
Amphibians are not proxies for humans.
Here, we can show that a principal component comprising the total number of TAPs, TFs, and PTs (as defined in this study) can be used as a proxy for organismal (morphological) complexity, as they are significantly positively correlated with the number of cell types in those organisms where data are available.
Density is often used as a proxy for the complexity of a morphological structure because, in theory, more connections among parts allows more functional possibilities.
