Morphological markers, such as cortical thickness or grey matter density, reflect combinations of biological events largely driven by overall cortical geometry rather than intracortical tissue properties.
However, exclusive dependence on morphological markers such as color may lead to inaccurate estimates of HF frequency.
Due to confounding factors associated with using morphological markers such as the color of different components of the kernel, it is hard to design an experiment to test Sprague's original proposal [8] on paternal and maternal contribution to the HF events.
The uniformity of lepidopteran chromosomes, the absence of morphological markers such as the centromeres and the lack of convenient differential banding techniques [ 61] make difficult the identification of individual chromosomes by standard cytogenetic methods.
The authors could use a morphological marker (such as pole separation) to tell them exactly where they are within the cell cycle.
On the one hand, morphological apoptotic markers, such as phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA degradation, chromatin condensation, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), accompany yeast apoptosis [ 1, 2].
Mitotic catastrophe (MC), apoptosis and autophagy were defined by both morphological criteria and markers such as MPM-2, caspase 3 cleavage and monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining.
In conclusion, in this study, we show that PTK6 protein expression in 426 breast cancer cases is of high prognostic value, independent of the classical morphological and molecular markers, such as lymph node involvement, tumour size, and HER2 status.
Although Ewing sarcomas are characterized by typical morphological figures and immunohistochemical markers, such as CD99, differential diagnosis may be extremely difficult to achieve.
However such morphological markers are often unreliable and ambigous because of the influence of environmental factors and confounding effects of developmental stage of the plant [ 4].
These markers were integrated in genetic maps built with morphological, isoenzimatic and other molecular markers such as RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms), AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms) and RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA [ 16- 28].
