Morphological malformations and underdevelopment were determined as percentage of at stage 40 survived larvae.
This experimental treatment represents a concentration that is well below the tested concentrations at which zebrafish exhibited mortality, alterations in hatching time, and gross morphological malformations.
The fetuses were carefully examined externally for any morphological malformations in the limbs, digits, head, eyes, ears, jaws, and palate using a binocular microscope.
A series of morphological malformations occur in Atg7 mutant β cells, including accumulation of ubiquitinated inclusions, enlargement of mitochondria, and distension of the endoplasmic reticulum (Ebato et al., 2008; Jung et al., 2008).
Lack of azot increases morphological malformations and susceptibility to random mutations and accelerates tissue degeneration.
From this, we conclude that specifically killing those cells selected by the azot promoter is sufficient and required to prevent morphological malformations and provide resistance to UV irradiation.
When tissues become scattered with suboptimal cells, lack of azot increases morphological malformations and susceptibility to random mutations and accelerates age-dependent tissue degeneration.
Based on our experience with X. tropicalis embryos, we set the doses of both Cas9 mRNA and gRNAs at 300 pg/embryo, which were proven optimal as on one hand efficient targeted gene disruption was obtained and on the other hand no morphological malformation was observed in injected embryos.
Wild-type embryos that were treated from 70 72 hpf onwards with sunitinib displayed no obvious morphological malformation in the vasculature (Fig. 2G,G′).
Patients suspected of uterine vascular malformations at ultrasonography were closely monitored.
