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Most importantly, Smits and Evans' results indicate that mandibular kinetics is a central factor of the dental system and needs to be included to better understand the morphological integration of occlusion in individual species and the correlated changes in morphology, anatomy, and developmental dynamics that are associated with evolution of dental morphology.
It is distinct from borrowing, which involves the phonological and morphological integration of a word from one language into another.
Analysis of intertrait covariation (rather than absolute phenotypic differences) indicates a pattern of stability in the intertrait correlation and covariance structure, probably as the effect of morphological integration of traits linked by a common function and/or developmental chronological and spatial connectivity (González-José et al. 2004).
Could the modular concept of phenotypic plasticity explain the morphological integration of modularity in marine invertebrates such as corals?
Neither the degree of morphological integration of the traits studied, nor the ranks of P, indicated greater evolutionary constraint at range edges.
P. bipinnata did not show the same pattern of morphological integration found among species, which suggests tight morphological integration of all traits and decoupling of evolution at the levels of polyp (the colonial module sensu stricto) vs. branch/internode (an emergent modular feature produced by colonial growth) [ 3].
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These differences in the relative influence of phylogeny and of size on patterns of morphological integration are of potential importance to understanding macroevolutionary trends in morphological integration and differences in evolutionary patterns across large clades.
While it is clear that evolutionary history is related to morphological integration to some extent, it is not understood how general this relationship is, nor how significant patterns of integration are in morphological evolution.
Neither the degree of morphological integration, nor ranks of P, indicated greater evolutionary constraint at range edges.
Comparisons among results including and excluding the first eigenvector allow us to estimate the role of size in morphological integration, as analyses of these data have shown that the first eigenvector is a proxy for body size (although size still influences the remaining eigenvectors).
This study presents analyses of morphological integration in 20 species of australodelphian marsupials, and shows that phylogeny is significantly correlated with similarity of morphological integration in most clades.
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