The framework includes: (1) cancer hallmarks that can be represented by a few molecular/signaling networks.
In our series of three cases, lymph node metastases were of B-type consistent with the more aggressive behaviour of B-type thymoma [ 3] and the morphological hallmarks of B-type thymoma; that is, PVS and perivascular palisades of EC [ 9, 11] were retained in the lymph node metastases.
These latter caspases mediate cleavage of proteins that are essential for cell viability, resulting in morphological hallmarks of apoptosis.
Morphological hallmarks of NCL neurons are granular osmiophilic deposits (GRODs) and fingerprint profiles that can be seen in these mutant mouse neurons.
With the improvement in methodology, it became clear that there are many examples where biochemical or morphological hallmarks of more than one cell death subroutine can be shared within the same cell.
These two responses (cellular collapse and nuclear contraction) are morphological hallmarks of cell death during the HR [ 11, 25, 27], and suggested that the local GFP-Nit1 response marks one component of a more general wound-triggered cell death response.
Nuclear staining with Hoechst 33258 showed that 5a treatment resulted in condensed chromatin and apoptotic bodies, which are morphological hallmarks of apoptotic cell death.
Histopathologic studies have revealed that neuronal Lewy body-like hyaline inclusions (LBHI) and astrocytic hyaline inclusions (Ast-HI), are morphological hallmarks of mutant SOD1-linked FALS [24].
Chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, two morphological hallmarks of apoptosis, were investigated by microscopy and gel electrophoresis, respectively.
The differential results for TDP-43 and SOD1 suggest that the pathogenic mechanisms through which TDP-43 and SOD1 lead to motor neuron degeneration may be different, not only in their molecular pathways and morphological hallmarks, but also in receptivity to protection by exogenous neurotrophic factors.
Furthermore, ultrastructual analysis revealed that the LHIs in neuroblastoma cells were composed of granule-coated fibrils (approximately 15 25 nm in diameter) and granular materials, which are the typical morphological hallmarks of mutant SOD1-linked FALS, and were identical with the Ast-HI found in L84V SOD1 mice (Fig. 5C, F; [38]).
