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In most respects, the "molecular tree" for arthropods is readily interpreted in the context of current and classical homology schemes based on comparative anatomy; molecular and morphological estimates of phylogeny are in good agreement.
Subsequent work in Cichla using mitochondrial DNA showed both congruence and incongruence with morphological estimates of species [ 34].
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Based on their morphological estimate of phylogeny, they suggested that putatively basal macrolepidopteran families (non-catocaline Noctuidae, Sphingidae, Notodontinae) are attacked by basal species of Aleiodes, whilst the most derived hosts ('trifine' Noctuidae) are attacked by derived parasitoid taxa.
Still frames from CEM video recordings obtained at each time point were selected and the percentage of endplates (n = 20 30 sampled in each muscle) showing clearly visible nerve terminals or intramuscular axon stumps were scored in order to provide a morphological estimate of nerve terminal degeneration (Fig. 2G).
Variation among morphological and molecular estimates of divergence times (node ages) can lead to considerable uncertainty in ED scores.
Debate regarding the monophyly and relationships of the avian order Pelecaniformes represents a classic example of discord between morphological and molecular estimates of phylogeny.
No change was found between one and 10 weeks after injury for almost all morphological and biochemical estimates of lesion size or behavioural methods.
Consistent with these observations, no change was found between one and 10 weeks after injury for most of the morphological and biochemical estimates of lesion size or quantitative behavioural methods used.
We have studied the extent of tissue damage from 15 min to 10 weeks after injury using morphological and biochemical estimates of lesion volume and surviving grey and white matter.
These results are in keeping with previous experiments that have used both morphological analysis, and estimates of the mtDNA/nuclear DNA ratio or cytochrome oxidase activity, as indices of the qRT-PCR mitochondrial levels [ 1– 4].
Instead, we rooted Scolecophidia with Alethinophidia and vice versa, based on this being a well-supported relationship in previous morphological and molecular estimates of snake phylogeny [ 3, 7, 13, 15, 40].
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