The MOTU approach is not always sufficient for species delimitation, and is not sufficient to describe new species, but it has the advantage of being quantitative, reproducible, and feasible even when morphological determinations are impractical [ 24].
Morphological species determination was confirmed by PCR and sequencing of the partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene [ 12].
As the morphological sex determination is complicated in cases involving fragmentary bones and in skeletons from infants and children, the development of DNA-based techniques has led to improvements in sex determination.
Species determination was made from morphological characteristics, using a herbarium of local plants identified by a botanical specialist (A. Royaud) as reference.
Species determination was based on morphological keys previously proposed by several authors [ 11, 12, 15].
Faltýnková et al. [ 16] referred to a natural infection of R. peregraa with F. magna, but the snail and the parasite determination was based on morphological characters only, and molecular confirmation was missing.
Sex determination was made on the basis of morphological differences manifest in the pelvic bone, by the examination of greater sciatic notch, preauricular sulcus, ischiopubic ramus, subpubic angle, subpubic concavity, and ventral arc [ 10, 11].
Thirdly, its function in sex determination was studied by following the sexual development (at the morphological, chromosome and molecular levels) of Anastrepha embryos in which endogenous tra-2 function was destroyed by the injection of tra-2 dsRNA.
Her determination was formidable.
His determination was admired.
