Thermal annealing significantly improved the alignment and packing of the cylinders, increased grain size, reduced the number of morphological defects and resulted in a 12% decrease in the area per junction.
In contrast, wild-type neurons always occupy nearly the entire field of view demonstrating a clear morphological defect in resulting from knockdown of the CDK19 orthologue in these neurons.
Consistent with this observation, expression of UAS-Wnt6 with various GAL4 drivers such as patchedts-GAL4 (with GAL80ts) and nubbin-GAL4 cause pupal lethality; however, this does not yield obvious morphological defects in the resulting wings (not shown), suggesting that the lethality is likely due to expression in other parts of the body.
Here we describe a morphological defect that results from the failure of the anterior epidermis to maintain its proper shape while experiencing an inward-directed pulling force exerted by the developing pharynx (foregut) as it undergoes elongation.
We also expressed RNAi against A nk2L (Pielage et al., 2008) with OK371-Gal4, producing morphological defects similar to those resulting from downregulation of wg/ fz2/ Gαo (Fig. 5I).
Although pupal ecdysis and wing expansion behaviors each last only a few minutes, the resulting morphological defects persist for days and are easy to score (Zhao et al., 2008).
The phenotype requires binding of LEDGINs to the LEDGF/p75 binding pocket on IN49,50 and is caused by enhanced multimerization of IN in the virions resulting in morphological defects as evidenced by electron microscopy49,51,52,53.
Inhibition of CG6234 by RNA interference resulted in morphological defects in embryos, suggesting the involvement of this gene in germ band retraction.
Collectively, our study showed that loss of Drosophila Porin results in mitochondrial morphological defects and suggested that the defective mitochondrial function by Porin deficiency affects the mitochondrial remodeling process.
Microinjection of NGO resulted in gross morphological defects in a dose-dependent manner partly due to the induction of apoptosis, whereas coating NGO derivatives with polyethylene glycol (PEG), a biocompatible polymer significantly attenuated its toxicity.
