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Morphological convergence among radiations suggests deterministic evolution is strong enough a force to overcome variation in phylogenetic background and ecological setting that may differentially constrain the morphological 'space' available to diversifying lineages [1] [4].
There are still disagreements regarding their systematic relationships due to morphological convergence among some groups.
Thus, morphological convergence among QTP and H-D Mountains species of Lilium-Nomocharis and within other plant groups merits more attention in future studies.
All these species were found to be not related to the Pyrenean fauna but to other lineages in the same geographical areas, showing again a strong morphological convergence among them [ 13].
However, morphological convergence among alpine plants may also be strongly affected by understudied environmental interactions, such as with the intense solar radiation experienced during the daytime in alpine areas or the cold night time temperatures [ 31].
The evolutionary patterns uncovered are consistent with multiple biological sources of conflict, including saturation in morphological and molecular changes, adaptive morphological convergence among nectar-feeding lineages, and incongruent gene trees.
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However, other extreme instances of morphological convergence are well documented among feliform carnivores in particular (see [ 19, 72]).
Agamids show a certain level of morphological convergence with iguanids whereas chamaeleonids are morphologically quite unique in various organs, such as eye, tongue, tail, and toe [ 1].
Using multivariate morphometric analysis, we find that phylogenetically unrelated taxa have convergently evolved troglomorphism; alternative phylogenetic hypotheses involving less morphological convergence are not supported by Bayesian hypothesis testing.
A major difficulty of detecting such phenomena is that they are expected to exhibit morphological convergence, which would obscure evolutionary relationships reconstructed on the basis of morphology alone.
Morphological convergence in lifestyle and associated morphological features appear to have confounded past morphologically-based analyses of blenny relationships, especially among the tube-dwelling lineages.
Related(15)
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morphological variation among
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morphological variability among
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morphological similarity among
morphological integration among
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