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FA of various morphological characters, such as bristle traits and wing morphology, has been studied to examine the effect of genetic and environmental perturbations on developmental stability in D. melanogaster [7], [9], [10], [11].
kneri have distinct morphological characters, such as number of plyoriccaecum, ratio between eye length and head length39, but they are not distinguishable using mitochondrial control region sequences41.
The identification or characterization was based on morphological characters such as spore size, color, surface ornamentation, wall structure as well as presence and absence of subtending hyphae with reference to the descriptions provided by Schüßler and Walker [28].
The use of morphological methods alone requires a high level of expertise and a considerable amount of time to grow the cultures, especially if using morphological characters such as apothecium and ascospore size for differentiation (Dick et al. 2001).
The cladistic analysis combined comparison of sequences from the internal transcribed spacer in the non-functional RNA with fifteen traditional morphological characters, such as spore features, fruit body shape, and degree of hair curliness.
Once placed in the family Triakidae, the whitetip reef shark is now recognized by most authors as belonging to the family Carcharhinidae on the basis of morphological characters, such as a full nictitating membrane, well-developed precaudal pit, strong lower caudal fin lobe, and scroll-like intestinal valves.
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However, such information is vital to ask the question which evolutionary forces act on shaping a morphological character, such as the mandible.
Oddly, this is similar to the criticism leveled by Zink [ 53] himself against the subspecies erected based on morphological characters: when such markers or characters are used to delimit taxa, the resulting taxon predicts little about the behaviour of the rest of the genome.
Given the diversity of species in the Galliformes, and these birds' great complexity in morphological and behavior characters, such as flight, polygamy and sexual dimorphism, this Order can serve as an ideal model for a detailed study of character evolution.
Tetrahymena rostrata resembles T. bergeri morphologically [ 15], but based on life cycle features and such morphological characters as the polar basal body complex and minor differences in the buccal structures, Lynn [ 16] recognized them as two different species.
In addition, classical developmental and morphological characters in extant taxa (such as the fate of the blastopore, cleavage patterns, mesoderm and coelomic cavities) are by no means easy to recognize (or simply unavailable) in many fossils, including the material under consideration here.
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