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In applying traditional morphological characters for species delineation (external morphology, radula and spicules) all collected material resolved into two morphospecies represented by the currently recognized species (see further details in discussion on species delineation in Pontohedyle).
Our examination of the morphology across the ditrysian superfamilies and families also confirms the lack of clear morphological characters for making inferences about these deeper evolutionary relationships.
Here we show enhanced congruence between molecular and morphological phylogenies based on 753 morphological characters for 309 fossil and Recent panarthropods.
We show here that the entoproct larval stage, in addition to the adult stage, provides several morphological characters for evolutionary inferences.
During field work, biologists usually use morphological characters for species identification as a first approach, especially as vision is our prevailing mode of sensory perception.
The morphological matrix was developed for this study by coding morphological characters for Physcomitrella but otherwise follows the morphological matrix used in previous studies [ 3, 5, 54].
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The 2006 analysis identified small spores as the main morphological character for Group 1 [ 11].
These genera are characterized by the presence of teeth along more than one-half the length of the dentigerous margin of the maxilla [ 39, 40], which may constitute a diagnostic morphological character for the tribe.
Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to compare disease ratings with leaf micro-morphological characters for mean values of each germplasm line (Gomez and Gomez 1984).
For example, Hippopotamus amphibius was coded for morphological characters, but for many genes that we sampled, molecular data have not been generated for this hippopotamid species.
The simultaneous analyses of molecular and morphological data were performed under maximum parsimony optimality criterion with the same cost for transformations of morphological characters as for nucleotide substitutions.
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