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Exact(4)
Until now not a single morphological character is known that allows to postulate such a phylogeny.
Mesquite ignores taxa for which the morphological character is not provided (species for which intracellular membrane presence/absence is unknown) and corresponding ancestral nodes.
Passerida, the largest group within oscines, can only be delimited by an insertion of one amino acid in exon 3 of the c-myc gene [ 8], but no synapomorphic morphological character is known to define this taxon.
Any one morphological character is not problematic in and of itself but can circumscribe non-monophyletic groups when used in isolation, a priori, as being more useful than other characters.
Similar(56)
Although the macroheteroceran clade is recovered in the combined analysis, no unique morphological character was found to unite them.
Sponges (Porifera Grant, 1836) are an important group of Metazoa in which species identification based on morphological characters is particularly difficult.
However, the identification of tropical marine fishes using morphological characters is often difficult and usually requires expert consultation.
Alnicola pseudosalabertii, a species with ancestral morphological characters, is likely the oldest known Alnus-associated species in the Hymenogastraceae family.
However, the evolutionary change of morphological characters is extremely complicated (even for a short evolutionary time), the phylogenetic trees derived from morphological data frequently remain controversial [ 29].
Homology of reductive morphological characters is commonly evaluated by ontogenetic analysis, but in the case of ceratioids, very little ontogenetic material is available for analysis [ 2, 33].
However, the taxonomy of Sternopriscus based on morphological characters is well supported [ 27, 28], and our multi-gene phylogeny is well supported by different analytical approaches.
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