The present study demonstrated that dendritic retraction may be a fundamental morphological change underlying ALS pathogenesis.
While the morphological and electrophysiological changes underlying diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) are relatively well described, the involved molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.
We exposed reference and resistant embryos to surrogate model PAHs to better understand physiological, morphological, and gene expression changes underlying development in a polluted environment.
Their nervous systems allow the experimental study of behavioral, neurophysiological, morphological, biochemical, and genetic components of the functional (plastic) changes underlying learning.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has great potential for measuring mechanisms of functional changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment, but task fMRI studies have produced conflicting results, partly due to failure to account for underlying morphological changes and to variations in patients' ability to perform the tasks.
10– 14 However, the underlying morphological changes of the NMJs remain largely unknown.
To visualize the temporal origin and rate of underlying morphological changes for all individual branches of the phylogenetic tree, we mapped the inferred rates and ancestral values back onto the phylogeny in a colour-coded manner.
However, if morphological changes of glial cells underlie the measured signal changes then changes in the shape of the diffusion profile (reflected by the FA) would be more probable then changes in mean diffusivity.
These morphological changes are hypothesized to underlie some of the adverse neurological effects associated with abuse of stimulant drugs (e.g., learning deficits) [ 106, 109].
In particular, there are several pioneering studies that highlighted the importance of this group of genes in understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie morphological changes during evolution (e.g. [ 13- 17]).
