Following injection into host epithelial cells, CagA becomes tyrosine phosphorylated at glutamate-proline-isoleucine-tyrosine-alanine (EPIYA) motifs, which induces cell morphological changes, initially termed the 'hummingbird phenotype'.
Receptors detect the extracellular inputs, and then activate signal transduction networks that mediate specific output responses such as the transcription of genes (short-term response) or cellular morphological changes (long-term response).
Morphological changes, in terms of pore size and distribution, were measured using X-ray computed tomography (CT).
The method allows for the extremely nonstationary behaviour of beach profile to be analysed into separate frequency bands that can facilitate the interpretation of morphological changes in terms of physical processes.
Basal DMEM without FBS supplementation failed to induce any morphological changes in terms of tube formation (Figure 2D).
A multi-criteria approach based on descriptive, correlation and multivariate statistics and mathematical morphology was proposed to investigate long-term morphological changes in a metropolitan region (Attica, Greece) representative of the 'Mediterranean compact city' archetype.
Gene expression profiling was performed to clarify the gene network associated with the loss of Hnf4α and the long term morphological changes observed in colonic crypts.
Glaucoma, one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide [ 1], is accompanied by unique progressive morphological changes in the optic nerve head, termed "glaucomatous optic neuropathy".
Frost [ 28, 29] termed this lack of morphological changes "bone remodeling".
The improvement in mechanical properties, e.g. stiffness enhancement as evaluated by stress strain analysis and impact strength obtained from notched Izod impact tests, were successfully explained in terms of morphological changes induced by the presence of the clay and elastomer particles.
