The cytodifferentiation of the spermatozoa during spermiogenesis is responsible for morphological changes that define this specialized cell, and Zn deficiency may lead to degeneration of cells involved in spermatozoa processing after meiotic division [ 40].
We then combined the observations of ES cell-like morphological changes (e.g., defined boundaries and high nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio within individual cells) with alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining, a commonly used pluripotency marker, to quantify bona fide iPSC colonies on day 14 post-viral transduction.
The anther stages (from 3 to 11) were numbered in accordance with the morphological changes used for defining the stages of Arabidopsis anther development [ 17, 18].
In Caulobacter crescentus, where the cell cycle is longer and tied to defined morphological changes, master transcriptional regulators control cell cycle-dependent gene expression [16], [17].
Among cases with normal histology or CIN1 and minor changes (n = 27), no association was demonstrated between specific HPV types and defined morphological changes on colposcopy.
Cellular senescence is a state of permanent cell cycle arrest, accompanied by defined morphological changes that may be induced by several stimuli.
Apoptotic cells can be recognized by defined morphological changes: the cell shrinks, its chromatin condenses, the plasma membrane shows blebbing, and finally the cell is fragmented into compact membrane-enclosed structures.
To quantify the morphological changes in control flies we defined four classes reflecting an increasing loss of epidermal membrane labeling (see Figure 1C-F).
Here, we used non-inductive SDs and measurements of a simple apex height to root diameter ratio to distinguish responsive and non-responsive plants with respect to gross morphological changes at the shoot apex, defined here as 'bolt initiation'.
Under an inductive photoperiod, vernalization promotes stem elongation in biennials (Lexander, 1980; Longden, 1986), and here we show that in SDs vernalization also promotes morphological changes in the shoot apex (defined here as bolting initiation), in annual plants, even in the absence of applied GA.
