After rearing the salamanders for 22 days (to stages 55 62), we measured the five gill morphological variables and body mass to quantify the development of external gill morphology (see section on gill measurements).
To determine if deletion of our candidate lincRNAs affects normal development and growth postnatally, each strain was examined for gross morphological abnormalities and body weight (BW) measurements were taken.
Additionally, to establish the costs of these mating behaviours for the two sexes, we measured the morphological and physiological body condition of the birds.
We tested the natural selection hypothesis through multivariate analyses of color-associated ecological (stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen) and morphological divergence (body shape and jaw morphology) across replicate populations, coupled with a common garden experiment.
Second, we compare ecological (diet, trophic level and pharyngeal jaw shape) and morphological (body shape, head and body size) variation between thin- and thick-lipped fishes to see whether this character is associated with distinct niches, sex or maturity, or morphological difference.
First, standardization of the methods used to evaluate insulin sensitivity and body morphological changes, including measures of both central adiposity and peripheral wasting, would greatly facilitate comparisons across studies and interventions.
The clinical introduction of hybrid PET MR scanners combining both morphological and functional whole-body imaging within one single examination is the beginning of a new era.
Each bird was tagged with an individual combination of colour rings, measured, aged, sexed (adults only) using the morphological criteria given in [6], and body feather samples were collected from the birds.
If, as genetic data suggest, multiple entries to the subsoil have occurred in Palmorchestia, convergent morphological adaptation by eye degeneration and body depigmentation could have arisen independently by different mutations, as has been shown to occur in Astyanax fasciatus [ 27].
We used 66 populations of D. galeata and D. dentifera distributed throughout Japan, and analyzed the relationships among geographic distribution patterns, morphological traits of head shape and body size, and genetic characteristics of mitochondrial 12SrRNA and nuclear rRNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2).
