We then compared the tree topologies resulting from the molecular, morphological and combined analyses using the partition metric [ 44] in PAUP* [ 41], also called symmetric difference distance or Robinson-Foulds metric.
However, the seagrasses was resolved as sister to the subclade comprising Nechamandra, Vallisneria and Maidenia by analyses using morphological + rbcL+ matK+ trnK intron + ITS [ 1].
This topology has been obtained by an independent study that used similar conditions [ 25], but it is clearly contradicted by morphological analyses and molecular analyses using site-homogenous model such as WAG, that is those analyses upheld deuterostome monophyly [ 26].
Multivariate analyses using 47 morphological measurements clearly distinguished the three treatment groups, i.e. control, VEGF, and Sunitinib.
We conducted phylogenetic analyses using: (i) morphological characters only (80 species × 220 characters), (ii) molecular characters only (76 species × 6032 characters), and (iii) combined morphological and molecular data (80 species × 6252 characters).
Phylogenetic analyses using a variety of mitochondrial and nuclear genes places the Noronha skink among the tropical African species of Trachylepis, a position also supported by morphological similarities.
Similarly, Hydrilla, which was reported to be closely related to Vallisneria by analyses using rbcL, matK [ 2, 8], rbcL, cob and atp1 [ 9], was reported to be closely related to Najas by analyses using morphological character + rbcL+ matK+ trnK intron + ITS [ 1].
A two-tiered approach of phylogenetic analyses using ML and Bayesian methods showed that Ericabatrachus is the sister group of Petropedetes, which is supported by limited morphological evidence.
Since the morphology is so critical in submerged fungal bioprocesses, the key morphological indices were analysed using a semi-automated image analysis system.
The morphological data were analysed using NTSYS-PC version 2.2 [ 11].
