Bank erosion can be an important form of morphological adjustment in rivers.
An important general feature of adaptive periodicities is that the developmental changes anticipate the conditions for which they will ultimately provide the appropriate physiological or morphological adjustment.
This morphological adjustment enabled the superior cultivars to access oxygen at the water surface earlier, which supported the growth of organs such as the primary leaf and root.
Enhanced biomass accumulation was paralleled by morphological adjustments such as increased root length and number of fronds per colony, and by increased photosynthetic efficiency.
However, the extent of the modifications brought about by restoration works differs between the two restored reaches, pointing out the need for a quantitative analysis of the historical evolution of each river reach before designing and implementing restoration actions and to the necessity to monitor the subsequent morphological adjustments.
Trees are able to respond to their local biotic and abiotic environment with morphological adjustments which improve resource acquisition and, thus, growth.
Mechanical stimuli such as wind speed or water motion induce morphological adjustments in both terrestrial and marine plants [ 4, 51].
These abiotic factors may induce morphological adjustments in broadly distributed species to optimize fitness under suboptimal conditions.
Signal transmission in a cellular system may have multiple functions: transcription factor activation, which may be related to the cell cycle, to morphological change or to adjustment of protein concentrations, cytosolic kinase/phosphatase activation with multiple cellular targets, membrane protein activation such as ion channels or receptors, etc.
Teleosts can tune their coloration using two processes: long-term morphological color change through the adjustment of cell size or number, and short-term physiological color change via the movement of internal elements (Fujii, 1993).
