Genes involved in both extracellular matrix-receptor interactions and cell adhesion (including GPI-anchor production) are implicated in tissue morphogenesis and organization [ 19, 20].
Cell-culture experiments have suggested a role for desmosomal cadherin-mediated adhesion in some aspects of mammary epithelial morphogenesis and organization [ 9], but desmosome function in the mammary gland has not been examined in vivo.
Given the previously reported experiments showing that desmosome-mediated adhesion contributes to proper mammary epithelial morphogenesis and organization in culture [ 9], we examined whether the reduction in desmosomal constituents we observed in Perp-/ mammary epithelial cells would translate to defects in mammary gland development.
We also describe the combined use of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP -marked recombination to rapidly identify new geneSNP -markedforecombinationatoon, egg-chamberapidlyogenesidentifycorrect organewation of the MT cytoskeleton.
In the previous study by Colaiacovo et al., four helicase-like genes have been identified in an RNAi-based screen for genes involved in chromosome morphogenesis and nuclear organization in C. elegans germline.
Genes belonging to these modules were related to processes such as the regulation of cytoskeleton organization, growth (Module E), biological adhesion (Module F), anatomical structure morphogenesis, and cell junction organization (Module G; Table 1).
These genes represent ontology groups related to microtubule-based movement, ciliary morphogenesis, and cell projection organization consistent with de-differentiation and possibly the loss of ciliated epithelial cells.
Furthermore, since the modules easily transfer from one container to another by using a pipette, they provide a convenient platform, in combination with live-imaging confocal analysis, for monitoring module morphogenesis and cell re-organization over time.
Again, very little is known about this group in fungi beyond the highly specific nuclear localization of SpCyp6 [ 11] and a putative role in cell morphogenesis, cortical organization and nuclear reorganization [ 74].
In terms of biological processes, these proteins were classified mainly in anatomical morphology, cell communication, cellular morphogenesis, cellular organization, and developmental processes.
The presence of an RRM in members of Group K suggests that they function in the recruitment of the RNA related to cell morphogenesis, cortical organization and nuclear reorganization into the pre-mRNA processing complexes, whereas members of Group L have been found present within the Cdc5 complex and along with Group D, are believed to function within pre-mRNA splicing.
