miR-132 is highly enriched in the brain [ 34, 35] and its expression has been shown to affect neuron morphogenesis and enhance neurite outgrowth by suppressing the GTPase-activating protein p250GAP (p250GAP/ RICS) [ 36].
In the central nervous system (CNS), MMPs, in particular MMP-9, have been shown to be involved in morphogenesis, wounding healing, and neurite outgrowth, [ 2].
In CNS, MMPs, especially, MMP-9 are implicated in several important physiological events, including morphogenesis, wounding healing, and neurite outgrowth [ 105].
Cdh11 is an adhesion molecule that has an important role in developmental processes such as morphogenesis and induction of neurite outgrowth (Taniguchi et al, 2006; Boscher and Mege, 2008).
Mori Y Matsui T Fukuda M Rabex-5 protein regulates dendritic localization of small GTPase Rab17 and neurite morphogenesis in hippocampal neurons J Biol Chem 2013 288 9835 47 10.1074/jbc.M112.427591 No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
This differential enrichment of gene categories suggests a much higher degree of plasticity mechanisms of CA3 neurons in the hippocampus compared to CA1 that are reflected by large groups of genes in categories related to "differentiation" or "neurite morphogenesis", and by "regulation of synaptic transmission".
Whilst the cues that orchestrate the birth of midbrain DA neurons are well established, the signals regulating DA neurite morphogenesis (including neurite growth, axon guidance and synaptogenesis) are less well defined.
Normal levels of RHO-1 signaling are required for correct neuronal morphogenesis [34] and expression of constitutively active Rho in cultured neurons results in defects in dendrite length and neurite outgrowth [35], [36].
Two non-receptor tyrosine kinases involved in neurite outgrowth, dendritic spine morphogenesis and synaptic plasticity, the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and C-Src, also co-immunoprecipitated with Dp71.
