Other derivatives of morphine include the analgesics methylmorphine (codeine), ethylmorphine, dihydrocodeinone, and dihydromorphinone and the emetic apomorphine.
Some of the opioids currently in use besides morphine include codeine; hydrocodone, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), fentanyl (Duragesic), meperidine (Demerol), oxycodone, and methadone.
The pharmacological properties observed for morphine, including analgesia, respiratory depression, and inhibition of gastrointestinal transit, are mediated by opioid receptors [4].
Typical adverse effects of morphine include histamine release, pruritus, and, in particular, constipation.
The colorful cast includes a morphine-addicted commanding officer, a mad priest, and a guilt-ridden courtesan, and Karnezis tries hard to charm us with antic incidents and delicate shades of prose.
In addition to morphine, these include thebaine, a precursor to the pain relievers oxycodone and hydrocodone, as well as commonly used antispasmodic compounds, antibiotics, and anticancer agents.
Morphine doses included 100, 150, and 200 mcg.
We included morphine as a control prototype drug that is effective for certain types of pain (for example, nociceptive, inflammatory and postoperative pain).
Its activities are similar to those of morphine and include analgesia, hypothermia, respiratory depression, and addictive behavior [ 7– 9].
She knew from a hospice nurse that one way to ease a patient's dying included morphine for "air hunger," Haldol for "delusions and end-of-life agitation" and Tylenol suppositories for "end-of-life fever, 99 to 101 degrees".
