Moreover, the evolution of resource polymorphism – in which alternative morphs showing differential resource use occur in the same population [4] – may represent a critical, early phase in the formation of a new species [1], [4], [6], [7].
The production of these morphs could imply a differential energy investment between the two reproductive phases (i.e., sexual and asexual), which can also be interpreted in terms of changes in genetic variation and/or trade-offs between the associated traits.
It may well be that selection pressures and differences in habitat use between the two color morphs, possibly caused by differential predation by aquatic and/or aerial predators [ 45, 46], are stronger in the clear-watered crater lake than in the murky great lake environment [ 13].
One intriguing possibility is that fitness differences among the morphs may relate to the differential effects of parasites on the three colour morphs.
A morphing skin was developed for adaptive wings with multifinger ribs architecture enabling conformal and differential airfoil camber morphing.
Based on her knowledge of when pollution was introduced into the woods, the frequency of the two morphs in woods that have not been polluted, the underlying genetics of the two morphs, and her observed selection differential between them, she builds a population genetic model of the situation that predicts a relative frequency of the two morphs for the present.
Importantly, the differential production of dispersive morph types by different strains was linked to variation in core life history trait associations (growth, survival, colonization, short-distance dispersal), with strains performing poorly under normal conditions producing more fast-swimming dispersal morphs under starvation.
Many conventional studies report on gripper mechanisms that can accommodate various forms of objects via deformation functionality using a differential coupled mechanism [7], morphing structure [8], particle jamming effects [9, 10], and flexible links [11, 12].
The potential fitness of gynomorphs was higher in the south and lower in the north than that of andromorphs, suggesting differential reaction norms between morphs (gene-by-environment interaction).
We mined the gene complement for pigment-pathway genes and examined differential expression (DE) between morphs that are unpatterned (plain yellow) and patterned (yellow with superimposed patches of red, white or very dark brown).
