Infusion of 6-OHDA into the PL produced selective depletion within the target structure and spared catecholamine content in the more ventral IL cortex.
The 6-OHDA infusions into the PL cortex selectively depleted DA in the target structure (~71%) and produced only minimal changes in DA in the more ventral IL cortex.
Contrasting the response to hearing syllables with the response to silent rest periods revealed bilateral activation clusters in the STG, middle temporal gyrus (MTG), the cerebellum and the pre- and post-central gyrus, and left lateralized activation in the inferior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal and more ventral frontal cortex (including the inferior frontal gyrus) (Fig. 2 A).
Activity during the written grapheme, number task, and, to a lesser extent, written narrative conditions persisted in more ventral inferior parietal cortex, including second-order somatosensory cortex (SII) in the parietal operculum, but here activity was also present for spoken syllables, that is, in SII activity was least during spoken narrative production.
We hypothesized that more anterior areas of ventral cortex would show greater activity in experts.
In particular, dorsal premotor regions seem to connect predominantly to the superior parietal cortex and subserve reaching in space while more ventral aspects of the premotor cortex interact more strongly with the intraparietal sulcus for object manipulation, a finding that has more recently been corroborated in humans using diffusion tractography (Tomassini et al. 2007).
This area encompasses the medial part of the orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann areas 10, 11, 12) as well as the more ventral sectors of the medial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann areas 24, 25, 32).
Such feedback is necessary to explain why the onset of many repetition priming effects in more posterior regions (e.g., ventral cortex) is observed only after frontal activity [38].
To take into account more ventral aspects of mPFC/anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) often identified in theory-of-mind (ToM) and the resting state, we included an additional region of interest (ROI) centered on the average of peak coordinates in ventral mPFC/ACC identified in a subset of the same 10 studies: x = −1, y = 47, z = 4.
Anterior insula cortex and a more ventral portion of pre-SMA showed greater responsiveness to low frequency relative to higher frequency stimuli, irrespective of response type.
