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Our results thus show that although coniferyl aldehyde is the most toxic at 1.1 mM, ferulic acid is more toxic at a toxicity limit of 1.8 mM than vanillin which is an aldehyde with a toxicity limit of 9.2 mM.
We show that recombinant TFEB protects against Cu toxicity at moderate levels of Cu exposure, but it is more toxic at high levels of exposure; in fact, in HEK-293 cells, TFEB overexpression aggravated the Cu-induced loss of membrane potential despite increasing mitochondrial membrane potential under basal conditions.
The results suggested that the toxicity of AgNPs was concentration-dependent and bio-AgNPs were significantly more toxic at lower concentrations than chem-AgNPs.
But metals, including lead, tend to be more toxic at a lower pH.
Here, we asked if F− was more toxic at low pH, as measured by increased cell stress and decreased cell function.
Although 1 µM SYN also increased the incidence of apoptotic cell death, N-SYN was significantly more toxic at this concentration.
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Ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) has a more toxic form at high pH and a less toxic form at low pH, un-ionized ammonia (NH3) and ionized ammonia (NH4+), respectively.
After 40 years and an "unconscionable" expense that he estimates at a trillion dollars, there are 20 million addicts in America (including alcoholics), and "more drugs, more kinds of drugs, and more toxic drugs used at younger ages".
NPs decorated with the BBB-crossing ligand (BBB-NPs), a glycopeptide consisting of 7 aminoacids are slightly more toxic, however not at concentrations capable of dramatically increasing intracellular Zn2+ levels.
NANC was significantly more toxic than ANC at all concentrations.
These results suggest that MAsIII(GS 2 was more toxic than iAsIII, at least in part due to the more efficient accumulation of As in cells (Hirano et al. 2004).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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