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On this basis, we develop a new experimental strategy to create more surface oxygen vacancies to promote their CO catalytic activity.
It is found that after heat treatment, titanium contains more surface oxygen atoms and thus delivers higher power output as anode of the microbial fuel cell.
Higher low-temperature reducibility, more surface oxygen vacancies, surface lattice oxygen species, and lattice defects produced by the interaction of Ag and CeO2 contributed to the excellent catalytic performance of Ag/r-CeO2 for HCHO oxidation.
This is attributed to the fact that the smaller particles have larger BET surface area and contain more surface oxygen vacancies, which are considered as stimulative for catalyzing the RhB reaction.
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In comparison to the pristine biochar, the engineered biochar also had more surface oxygen-containing functional groups and much larger surface area.
More surface oxygen-containing groups are introduced to the composite by treating the material either in boiling HNO3 solution or in static air at 400 °C.
The fluorescence spectra and OH radicals measurement displayed that HA could greatly increase OH radicals via inducing more surface oxygen-containing groups on the catalyst, thus, promoting BPA removal.
The electron-donating effect of samarium and more surface adsorbed oxygen species of CuKSmx catalyst due to addition of SmCl3, accelerate transformation of the redox couple of Cu2+/Cu+, which is a key step in favor of the catalytic oxidation of HCl to Cl2.
Concomitantly, the capacity for lithium adsorption also increases because new adsorption sites become available due to more surface area and oxygen functional groups.
In this latter context, the presence of impurities of the simple oxides, surface segregation of the active B element upon H2-reduction, and existence of more than one surface oxygen species can markedly modify both the adsorption and catalytic properties.
Moreover, it was proved that the anodic process was more dependent on the surface oxygen of the SWCNT than the cathodic process through changing its surface oxygen content.
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