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It was found that the use of the AMBER polarisable force field ff02 in combination with the polarisable POL3 water potential results in a more stable secondary structure of this complex and a more consistent predicted free energy of binding with different simulation approaches (single-trajectory, multiple short-trajectory and independent-trajectory simulations).
However, a more stable secondary structure (−50 kcal/mol) in the same position presents an impenetrable barrier to 40S ribosome scanning [30], [33].
Surprisingly, our analysis showed that abundant PK transcripts carry longer 5'UTRs with higher GC-content that form more stable secondary structures, as compared to rare PK transcripts.
In line with previous studies [37], the HPS haplotype codes for a longer more stable secondary structure in the val158 region relative to the APS haplotype.
Furthermore, the greater decrease in translation of TU-1B in comparison with TU-1A might be explained by a higher composition of G/C nucleotides within the 5'UTR sequence of the former, its overall more stable secondary structure, and its longer 5'UTR sequence.
This small but statistically significant bias of eIF4E upregulated sequences towards a more stable secondary structure near the end of the 5'UTR region is consistent with a model of ribosomal scanning and unwinding of secondary structure with the eIF4A helicase [8], [37].
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Increased GC content in 5'UTRs of abundant transcripts allows formation of more stable RNA secondary structures that may serve as scaffolds for RNA-binding proteins, promote a more compact folding and increased mRNA stability.
The HPS haplotype, however, exhibits a marked 20-fold reduction in enzymatic activity paralleled by reduced protein translation efficiency due to formation of a longer more stable mRNA secondary structure with a 17 kcal/mol reduction in Gibbs free energy [37].
Generally, the lower the MFE, the more stable the secondary structure of a given RNA sequences.
Alternative splice sites tend to be GC-enriched and exhibit more stable RNA secondary structures in all of the considered species.
For example, trans-acting responsive element (TAR) and Rev-responsive element (RRE), both of which are recognized by the Tat protein and Rev protein respectively, have more stable local secondary structures than other regions of HIV-1 genome [ 23- 25].
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