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Results demonstrated that Pb gradually transformed to more stable fractions (OMB- and FeMnOX-Pb) under microbial action, indicating the risk level of Pb was declined.
With compost, the P enters more stable fractions initially and so it is less susceptible to loss shortly after application, but it could potentially remain a greater source of P for loss later on.
Higher reduction of F1 (71.0 %) and F2 (67.8 % of total fraction) fractions was in zeolite 1 and 2 treatments, respectively, during the composting process; it might be due to these fractions taken up from the zeolite and transferred to the more stable fractions (Zorpas and Loizidou 2008).
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However, the presence of wetland plants also transformed metals (Pb and Zn) to a more stable fraction (residual), leading to a lower potential metal bioavailability and leaching process in the long run.
Hence, in addition to the frequently reported increases in POM, carbon was also allocated to the more stable SOC fractions.
One may observe that the films are considerably destroyed, although during degradation a much more stable fibrillar fraction is revealed.
Soil C in the more stable fine fraction was 34.3, 28.8 and 29.3 g kg−1 in the hedgerow, shelterbelt and silvopasture systems, respectively.
The largest pool of SOC in the more stable heavy fraction of both the 0 10 and 10 30 cm depth classes was in the shelterbelt (33 and 35 Mg C ha−1, respectively), while the least SOC was in the silvopasture system (26 and 20 Mg C ha−1, respectively).
Release of these organic anions into the rhizosphere enhances the release of sparingly soluble P, not only from the acid soluble pool, but also from more stable residual P fractions.
FI and FII were more stable than other fractions, as their activity decrease only about 10-20% at temperatures from 50 to 60°C (Figure 4B). Figure 4 Effect of temperature on the activity of P. excavatus proteases: (A) Temperature optimum and (B) thermostability of all isolated fractions.
These results were broadly reproducible across a second independent experiment, with the more stable PolyA+ fraction demonstrating a higher degree of reproducibility.
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