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Basal immunity is thought to represent the most basic method for an organism to protect itself against potential microbial pathogens, although both animals and plants also possess more specific immune responses to protect themselves against pathogens that have evolved the ability to circumvent this first line of defence [8], [9].
The GO terms statistically over-represented in the genes that were expressed most differently between monocytes and PBMC included more specific immune activities – for example: regulation of T cell activation (eg LAT), chemotaxis (eg RANTES), lymphocyte differentiation (eg HDAC4) and B cell differentiation (eg HDAC5).
Genes that have a more specific immune function may therefore be less constrained than genes with a more general expression.
Further research is needed to identify stronger and more specific immune responses in patients with active tuberculosis.
Thus T-cell responses to these antigens are not confounded by prior BCG vaccination and are a more specific immune marker of M. tuberculosis infection than TST.
It is therefore important to reassess the role of PMNs after cerebral ischemia using more specific immune cell markers that are now available, in particular in relation to their association with adhesion molecules and their precise localization within the vasculature and/or brain parenchyma.
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This could indicate a different metabolic response to both types of bacteria or could have a more specific immune-related meaning.
We conclude that the list of 360 immune genes includes a higher percentage of genes preferentially expressed in immunocompetent tissues and with more specific immune-related functions than does the full list of 680 sequences expressed in immune tissues, but also with expression in non-immune tissues.
Among these most expressed transcripts, the hemoglobin beta (HBB) and alpha (HBA) genes were present, which might reflect a red blood cells contaminations of the PBMC, as well as more specific immune-related genes, such as CD74 and Granzyme B (GZMB).
"It's marvelous that this area of immunology is recognized by the Nobel committee," says Douglas Fearon, an immunologist at the University of Cambridge who has explored connections between the innate immune response and the later, more specific adaptive immune response.
Collectively, these signaling events and transcriptional processes are essential for eliminating pathogens and preparing the transfer to a more specific acquired immune response.
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