At first glance, the 4DSQ depression scale seems to tap more severe depressive symptoms than the HADS depression scale.
A higher PROMIS T-score implies more of the concept being measured; for instance, a higher PROMIS score on physical function indicates better functioning, whereas a higher score on depression indicates more severe depressive symptoms.
These findings may indicate that the 4DSQ Depression scale measures more severe depressive disorders, whereas the Distress scale measures milder depressive disorders.
Another study that analyzed 170 caregivers married to patients with dementia showed that wives had more severe depressive symptomatology than husbands; 31 in fact, depression is two or three times more common among females.
Left TLE has been associated with a male-specific vulnerability to depression [ 20, 22] as well as more severe depressive symptoms on the Beck Depressive Inventory [ 20].
It would seem logical therefore that people with subthreshold depression are even less inclined to seek help than those with major depression, and even less so than those with more severe depressive disorders.
The severity of depressive symptoms correlated negatively with agreeableness and extroversion (the more severe depressive symptoms, the lower agreeableness and extroversion) and correlated highly positively with neuroticism (the more severe the depressive symptoms, the higher the neuroticism) (Table 6).
CES-D scores range from 0 to 60 with higher scores indicating more severe depressive symptoms.
Medication-resistant patients, female patients, and those with more severe depressive symptoms following ECT had more rapid relapses.
Participants with more severe depressive and irritability symptoms had lower quality of life and higher functional impairment.
Assessment of AIA symptoms in bipolar mania could enable physicians to identify patients with more severe depressive symptoms, allowing for appropriate intervention.
