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The challenges of Next Generation Sequencing data, namely a hitherto unprecedented number of extremely short sequence reads containing more sequencing errors than previous sequencing technologies, have lead to the development of many new software tools over the past few years.
The 1000G Project has chosen to sequence greater numbers of individuals at very low sequencing depth but with the potential risk that the data contains more sequencing errors and therefore less accurate allele frequency information.
Alternatively, more sequencing errors and dimers may be called as variants at greater abundance levels.
The possibility that instruments generated more sequencing errors when EST originated from cancer cells does not seem rational.
One possibility is that these reads simply represent the fraction of reads containing more sequencing errors in the form of mismatches, insertions or deletions than the programs can handle.
The second set of four primers were used to span the homopolymer region, which tends to be longer in Asian individuals and tends to cause more sequencing errors.
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Even when sequences were clustered at up to 8 differences and clusters with a single sequence removed (as they may represent sequencing errors), more than 400 500 OTUs were observed in every sample.
Although these variants (or sequencing errors) cause sequencing reads within them to match inexactly to the reference, alignment tools should nonetheless correctly map these reads to the reference.
The TQTQV, TQTQI and SQTQV motifs (the latter two present in several sequences, and thus likely not sequencing errors) are absent from the sample of more than 1200 non-DLX homeodomain amino acid sequences analyzed by Fonseca et al. [18] from the HoxL, NKL, PRD, LIM, POU, HNF, SINE, TALE, CUT, PROS, ZF, and CERS classes (data not shown).
To de-noise flowgrams, reads mismatching with primer and MID sequences, PCR-based and sequencing errors and chimeras were removed using AmpliconNoise in combination with Perseus [ 24].
The proportions of such sites were 42.4% (NIAS), 85.9% (CSHL), and 86.1% (NIAS + CSHL) (Figure 1), thereby allowing sequencing errors to be assessed at more than 86% of the genomic sites with high coverage (Table 3).
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